The laureates "used tools from physics to construct methods that helped lay the foundation for today’s powerful machine learning," the academy said in a statement.
"Although computers cannot think, machines can now mimic functions such as memory and learning," the statement said. "This year’s physics laureates have helped make this possible. Using fundamental concepts and methods from physics, they have developed technologies that use structures in networks to process information."
Hopfield created a structure that can store and reconstruct information, it said, while Hinton invented a method that can independently discover properties in data and which has become important for the large artificial neural networks now in use.
The 2023 physics prize was awarded to Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier for their work on creating extremely short pulses of light, a discovery that has enabled scientists to study the rapid movements of electrons inside atoms and molecules.
On Monday, two U.S. scientists won this year’s medical Nobel for their discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation.
Nobel announcements continue this week with the chemistry award on Wednesday, the literature award on Thursday and the peace prize on Friday. The Nobel for economic sciences will be announced on Monday, closing out this year’s awards.
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