The victims of the fire were among 650 Africans being taken in at the camp in the Ourgla province, about 500 km (310 miles) from the capital Algiers, state radio said.
Algeria has started repatriating hundreds of refugees from Niger under an agreement reached with their government.
State media said an investigation by security services was still underway to determine causes behind the incident. No details were immediately available about the nationalities of the victims.
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