The evacuees have been taken to rebel-held territory in the countryside west of Aleppo and in Idlib province.
This is a major victory for President Bashar al-Assad, whose campaign was aided by Russian air strikes.
The evacuation of the opposition-held part of eastern Aleppo was part of a deal brokered by Russia and Iran.
In return, residents of the government-controlled towns of Foah and Kefraya in Idlib province, besieged by rebels, would also be removed.
In a statement on Syrian TV, the army announced the "return of security to Aleppo".
"This victory represents a strategic change and a turning point in the war against terrorism on the one hand and a crushing blow to the terrorists` project and their supporters on the other hand," it said. The government usually refers to the rebels as "terrorists".
Ahmed Qorra Ali, part of the rebel group Ahrar al-Sham, told AFP that "the last convoy has left the rebel-controlled area".
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