They released impressive footage showing a man wearing the suit at an unspecified test facility strolling through explosions and walking through flames.
The suit's makers say it can withstand 30 seconds of flames being pointed directly at it.
Wearers are also protected from the sudden heat of explosions such as grenades and mines, they say, though the shock wave from an explosion could still harm them.
The so-called 'Superman suit' is part of the Russian military's Ratnik programme, which aims to develop the next generation of combat gear.
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Ratnik suits already have body armour, thermal and night vision monoculars and other high-tech gear.
The programme also focuses on making sure the soldier is in touch with comrades via built-in radios.
Russia says Ratnik suits were used in combat in 2016 though no details were given.
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Another feature of the system is a built-in GPS chip, showing commanders where each soldier is at any given time.
The heat-proof suit is still in the testing phase and is expected to be ready for use by 2020, when it may also be available for purchase by civilians.
The unveiling of the suit comes after Russia staged extensive military training exercises on both sea and land in what was thought to be a show of strength by President Vladimir Putin.
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