Regional branches of the ruling Zanu-PF party as well as war veterans - who until now were loyal to the president - are also saying Mr Mugabe should quit.
Mr Mugabe, 93, had been under house arrest for days, but on Friday he made his first public appearance at a graduation ceremony in the capital.
The military made its move after a power struggle over his successor.
Mr Mugabe sacked Vice-President Emmerson Mnangagwa last week, apparently to pave the way for his wife Grace Mugabe - who is four decades younger than him - to take over the presidency instead.
The military said it was "engaging" with Mr Mugabe and would advise the public on the outcome of talks "as soon as possible".
Mr Mugabe has led Zimbabwe since it gained independence from Britain in 1980.
Who will be protesting in Harare?
Christopher Mutsvangwa - the leader of the influential war veterans' association - earlier this week called for a huge turnout at the rally.
"We want to restore our pride and tomorrow is the day... we can finish the job which the army started."
"There's no going back about Mugabe. He must leave," he said.
Meanwhile, at least eight out of 10 regional branches of the Zanu-PF party voted on Friday for Mr Mugabe to resign as president and party secretary.
In an unprecedented broadcast, several regional leaders appeared on state TV saying that he should step down.
They also called for Grace Mugabe to resign from the party, and for Mr Mnangagwa to be reinstated in the party's central committee.
The party's members agreed to mobilise support for and attend Saturday's rally. The party is planning to hold a special central committee session over the weekend to discuss the crisis.
Separately, the Zimbabwe Defence Forces (ZDF) said in a statement on Friday it had been approached by organisers of the rally, which it described as a "solidarity march".
The statement went on: "ZDF is therefore advising the nation that for as long as the planned march remains orderly, peaceful... and without hate speech and incitement to cause violence, it fully supports the march."
Liberal groups opposed to the president have also backed the protest.
The leader of last year's #Thisflag protests, Evans Mwarire, urged people to turn up.
What happened when Mr Mugabe appeared in public?
Mr Mugabe's attendance at the graduation is an annual tradition - but he was not expected this year.
BBC Online Africa editor Joseph Winter says the president was allowed to be there partly to keep up the pretence that the military have not staged a coup and partly because of a genuine, deeply felt respect for him going back more than 40 years.
Mr Mugabe opened the ceremony at Zimbabwe's Open University, where he is chancellor.
One of the people he conferred a degree upon was Marry Chiwenga, the wife of the general who detained him on Wednesday, the state broadcaster reports.
Grace Mugabe was not present. It had been thought she had left the country but it emerged on Thursday that she was at home with Mr Mugabe.
How did we get here?
Soldiers seized the headquarters of Zimbabwe's national broadcaster ZBC on Wednesday, and loud explosions and gunfire were heard.
Maj Gen Sibusiso Moyo then read out a statement on national television, assuring the nation that President Mugabe and his family were safe.
The military was only targeting what he called "criminals" around the president, he said, denying that there had been a coup.
On Thursday, Mr Mugabe was pictured smiling as he took part in talks with an army general and South African government ministers at State House but sources suggested he might be resisting pressure to resign.
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